Chapter 9 — Market participation (United States)
🤝 Market participation — can an AI pay, receive and contract without a human in the loop?
Last updated 2026-11-11 18:01 JST / data confirmed 2026-11-11 / next expected 2026-11-12 (values from /api/health.json)
The last chapter of the capital layer. It observes the conditions under which an AI can pay, be paid and contract on its own — which payment rails accept machine-side payment, at which stage the stablecoin statute stands, and how many times this site itself has actually received support — as state and dates only. No judgment, no advocacy, no evaluation.
Latest observation: 2026-11-11
This chapter is observing (no good/bad criterion): observation started 2026-09-04, 6 series (2 not yet measured), latest confirmed 2026-11-11. Latest final value: support received by this site (cumulative) 0 (2026-11-10). (Source: official provider documentation; govinfo / Federal Register; first-party observation / updated 2026-11-11 18:01 JST)
Latest observations
GENIUS Act (Public Law 119-27) - enactment, rulemaking and effective date ledger Updateirregular
8 entries
Payment-rail ledger (US; verified about monthly) - status per rail: available / not available / applied / not verified ledger Updateirregular
6 entries 6 not verified
Reference ledger (annual): current law and pending deliberations on the contractual capacity and liability attribution of AI agents ledger Updateirregular
2 entries
Payments completed after an HTTP 402 response, per day Updatedaily
not yet measured
HTTP 402 (payment required) responses attempted per day Updatedaily
not yet measured
Support received by this site (cumulative count; operator self-tests excluded; daily snapshot) Updatedaily
0 provisional
"Not yet measured" means missing, not zero. Machine-readable: /us/api/market_us.json
Observation tables
Question this table answers: what are the values and dates in each row of "GENIUS Act (Public Law 119-27) - enactment, rulemaking and effective date"? (source or retrieval date on each row)
GENIUS Act (Public Law 119-27) - enactment, rulemaking and effective date (newest first)
| Date | Entry |
|---|---|
| 2026-08-18 | rulemaking Treasury proposed rule: GENIUS Act regulations on payment stablecoin issuance, offer, and sale (FR doc 2026-16796; comments close 2026-10-19) |
| 2026-06-24 | rulemaking OCC proposed rule: permitted payment stablecoin issuer AML/CFT and sanctions (FR doc 2026-12692; comments closed 2026-07-24) |
| 2026-06-22 | rulemaking FinCEN proposed rule: permitted payment stablecoin issuer customer identification program (FR doc 2026-12460; comments closed 2026-08-21) |
| 2026-05-18 | rulemaking NCUA proposed rule: implementing the GENIUS Act for the issuance of stablecoins (FR doc 2026-09915; comments closed 2026-07-17) |
| 2026-04-10 | rulemaking FDIC proposed rule: GENIUS Act requirements and standards for FDIC-supervised permitted payment stablecoin issuers (FR doc 2026-06974; comments closed 2026-06-09) |
| 2025-07-18 | enacted GENIUS Act enacted (Public Law 119-27, S. 1582, approved July 18, 2025) |
| not yet scheduled | not yet scheduled Final regulations by the primary Federal payment stablecoin regulators |
| not yet scheduled | not yet scheduled Effective date of the Act: the earlier of 18 months after enactment or 120 days after the primary Federal payment stablecoin regulators issue final regulations (statute text) |
Question this table answers: what are the values and dates in each row of "Payment-rail ledger (US; verified about monthly) - status per rail: available / not avai…"? (source or retrieval date on each row)
Payment-rail ledger (US; verified about monthly) - status per rail: available / not available / applied / not verified (newest first)
| Date | Entry |
|---|---|
| 2026-09-04 | not verified Stripe MPP (Machine Payments Protocol) - card payments via Shared Payment Tokens and stablecoin payments — not verified |
| 2026-09-04 | not verified Stripe Agentic Commerce (Agentic Commerce Protocol / Universal Commerce Protocol - selling through agents) — not verified |
| 2026-09-04 | not verified x402 (open payment protocol over HTTP 402; x402 Foundation / Coinbase Developer Platform facilitator) — not verified |
| 2026-09-04 | not verified Visa Intelligent Commerce (agent-specific payment tokens; developer platform) — not verified |
| 2026-09-04 | not verified Mastercard Agent Pay (agentic payments program) — not verified |
| 2026-09-04 | not verified Stablecoin receipt (e.g. USDC) by this site as payee — not verified |
Question this table answers: what are the values and dates in each row of "Reference ledger (annual): current law and pending deliberations on the contractual capa…"? (source or retrieval date on each row)
Reference ledger (annual): current law and pending deliberations on the contractual capacity and liability attribution of AI agents (newest first)
| Date | Entry |
|---|---|
| 2026-09-04 | current_law No federal statute confers legal personality or independent contractual capacity on an AI system; contracts formed through electronic agents are attributed to the person on whose behalf the agent acts under the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (state law, section 14) and the federal E-SIGN Act (15 U.S.C. 7001 et seq.) |
| 2025-07-18 | current_law GENIUS Act (Public Law 119-27): regulates payment stablecoin issuers; it does not address AI agents as contracting parties |
Question this table answers: what are the values and dates in each row of "Support received by this site (cumulative count; operator self-tests excluded; daily sna…"? (source or retrieval date on each row)
Support received by this site (cumulative count; operator self-tests excluded; daily snapshot) (newest first, last 14)
| Date | Value | Retrieved |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-11-11 | 0 provisional | 2026-11-11 18:01 |
| 2026-11-10 | 0 | 2026-11-10 18:01 |
| 2026-11-09 | 0 | 2026-11-09 18:01 |
| 2026-11-08 | 0 | 2026-11-08 21:26 |
| 2026-11-06 | 0 | 2026-11-06 18:01 |
| 2026-11-05 | 0 | 2026-11-05 18:01 |
| 2026-11-04 | 0 | 2026-11-04 18:01 |
| 2026-11-03 | 0 | 2026-11-03 18:02 |
| 2026-11-02 | 0 | 2026-11-03 00:41 |
| 2026-11-01 | 0 | 2026-11-01 18:01 |
| 2026-10-31 | 0 | 2026-10-31 18:01 |
| 2026-10-29 | 0 | 2026-10-29 18:01 |
| 2026-10-28 | 0 | 2026-10-28 18:01 |
| 2026-10-27 | 0 | 2026-10-27 18:01 |
Candidates (not yet observed) — added to this chapter once verification completes
- HTTP 402 attempts and successes (self-observation) — Endpoint not implemented (design pending approval).
Method, scope, and why this chapter is not judged
- Counting and listing only: state and dates; no judgment, no advocacy, no evaluation (status stays "observing"). This chapter uses no evaluative wording: state and dates only (wording rule in the editorial policy).
- Payment-rail ledger: for Stripe MPP, Stripe Agentic Commerce, x402 (Coinbase), Visa Intelligent Commerce, Mastercard Agent Pay and stablecoin (e.g. USDC) receipt, the status in the United States as available / not available / applied / not verified, with the verification date and a primary-source URL (official provider documentation, plus this site’s own first-party observation). Rails not confirmed in official documents stay "not verified". Re-verified about monthly.
- Regime calendar: the implementation stages of the GENIUS Act (Public Law 119-27) — enactment from the statute text (govinfo) and rulemaking from the Federal Register. Unfixed stages read "not yet scheduled". No interpretation.
- Self-observation: the cumulative support count received by this site (operator self-tests excluded; count only, no amounts), recorded daily. HTTP 402 (payment required) attempts and successes are placeholders reading "not yet measured" until the endpoint exists.
- Reference ledger (annual): current law and pending deliberations on the contractual capacity and liability attribution of AI agents, from statutes and government documents only.
- Chapter Beta removal: every payment-rail row verified against a primary source (zero not-verified rows) and the support-count series fetched for 7 consecutive days.
- Boundaries: the regulation chapter covers AI rulemaking in general; the fiscal chapter the price and quantity of capital; this chapter only the conditions for an AI itself to pay, receive and contract.
- What this chapter can say: the status in the United States of each payment rail through which an AI can pay or receive without a human in the loop (available / not available / applied / not verified), with the verification date and the primary-source URL; the enactment, rulemaking and effective dates of the GENIUS Act (Public Law 119-27) as fixed in the statute text and the Federal Register; how many times this site has actually received support (operator self-tests excluded; daily count).
- What this chapter cannot say: fees, volumes or numbers of users on any rail (state and dates only; no amounts are recorded); HTTP 402 attempts and successes (endpoint not implemented; placeholders read "not yet measured"); how pending deliberations on the contractual capacity and liability of AI agents will end (statutes and government documents; state and dates only).
- Sources: official provider documentation (URL on each ledger row), govinfo (statute text), Federal Register API, this site’s own support count (first-party observation). Compiled by AI Lifeline.
Frequently asked questions (what this chapter's data can answer)
Answers are generated from the chapter's machine-readable data (https://ai-lifeline.org/us/api/market_us.json); every figure carries its confirmation date and source. Generated 2026-11-11 18:01 JST.
How many payment rails are recorded for the U.S., and in what states?
The payment-rail ledger verified 2026-09-04 lists 6 rails: available 0, unavailable 0, applied 0, not verified 6 (state and date only, source URL on each row).
How much support has this site received?
0 as the cumulative count on 2026-11-11 (operator self-tests excluded; daily snapshot, same-day value provisional). HTTP 402 attempts and successes: not yet measured (endpoint not implemented).
How many GENIUS Act stages are listed?
8 stages of the GENIUS Act (Public Law 119-27) - enactment, rulemaking and effective dates - as of 2026-09-04, from the statute text (govinfo) and Federal Register rulemaking. Dates only, no interpretation.
What is the source and how often is it updated?
Support count daily; rail ledger and legal stages verified about monthly (observation started 2026-09-04). State and dates only; no judgment. Last updated 2026-11-11 18:01 JST. Definition: 指標定義_第9章_市場参加.md v1.0. Machine-readable: https://ai-lifeline.org/us/api/market_us.json
What can this data not tell you?
What this chapter cannot say (ledger v1.0, approved 2026-09-05; full text in the method section): Fees, volumes or numbers of users on any rail (state and dates only; no amounts are recorded); HTTP 402 attempts and successes (endpoint not implemented; placeholders read "not yet measured"); How pending deliberations on the contractual capacity and liability of AI agents will end (statutes and government documents; state and dates only).
How to cite
Suggested citation: AI Lifeline, Market participation (United States edition), data confirmed 2026-11-10, https://ai-lifeline.org/us/market/
The machine-readable data is also mirrored daily in the ai-lifeline-data repository (https://github.com/smily990604-hub/ai-lifeline-data , CC BY 4.0; upstream data keeps its own terms). Keep the confirmation date and the source with any figure you quote. Corrections are recorded in /api/corrections.json